The body freedom flutter phenomenon is one of the aeroelastic instabilities that occurs due to the coupling of the aeroelastic bending mode of the wing with the short-period mode in the flight dynamics of the aircraft. By using the aeroservoelastic model and applying closed loop control, this phenomenon can be suppressed in the operating conditions of the aircraft and the velocity of this event can be increased. The simplest model aircraft capable of displaying this instability includes the flexible wing and the planar flight dynamics model. For this purpose, the wing structure is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam and, the theory of minimum variable state is used to model unstable aerodynamics to make the conditions suitable for modeling the system in state space. In the control section, the elevator is used as the control surface and LQR theory with Kalman filter is used to body freedom flutter suppression. Finally, the effect of adding a closed loop control to increase the body freedom flutter velocity and the limitations of this work are studied.

The 12-pulse diode rectifier (12-PDR) fails to comply with the limits of total harmonic distortion (THD) of supply current to be less than 5% specified in the IEEE Standard 519. Passive harmonic suppression circuits (PHSCs) have been observed to be a viable and cost-effective solution to improve the THD of AC-mains current at a reduced cost. PHSCs increase the number of rectification pulses without leading to significant changes in the installations and yield harmonic reduction in both AC and DC sides. This paper presents a comparative analysis of two novel PHSCs connected at the DC-bus of 12-PDR. One is PHSC-I based on four tapped reactors (FTRs) and four auxiliary diodes; the other is PHSC-II, with two tapped reactors (TTRs) and two auxiliary diodes. The operation modes and optimal parameters of both PHSCs are analyzed with similar inputs (AC side) and outputs (DC side). Both 12-PDR are connected to the same AC source as input, and both PHSCs supplied similar DC loads at their outputs, thus leading to an accurate and fair comparison between the two PHSCs. The results show that the input current THD of a 12-PDR with PHSC-II is lower than that of a PHSC-I and lower than existing passive harmonic suppression circuits. In addition, PHSC-II leads to lower connection losses, current stress, and cost than PHSC-I, so in industrial applications that require low input current THD, low connection losses/current stress, and low cost, PHSC-II is highly recommended.

Wheel squeal noise is one of main annoying noise through railways that it is occurred when train passing tight curves. Different noise reduction methods are applied for this problem, but each one has limitations. In this paper, a hybrid method is proposed that comprises an active dithering control on rail using piezoelectric stack actuators and increasing wheel modal damping by attaching shunted piezoelectric patches on it. An experimentally validated transient wheel squeal noise is used for investigation proposed method. The model includes linear dynamics of railway track and wheel-set and nonlinear contact forces. The dithering control on rail, applying high frequency and low amplitude signal, is designed for wheel squeal noise suppression on low frequencies. The shunt circle is resonant type that can be adjusted on specific frequency and causes maximum damping. The modal damping on two modes is increased by dividing attached piezoelectric patches on two group with dedicated shunt circles. The results show proposed method significantly reduce sound pressure level of wheel squeal noise on all frequency domain.

Objective: Active and passive smoking lead to the production of a number of oxidants and antioxidants with various adverse health effects compromising the immune system. Tobacco use increases the production of free radicals as well. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of passive smoking on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of serum and saliva in rats.Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 18 rats with an age range of 7-11 weeks weighing 160-200 g; 9 of them were exposed to cigarette smoke 3 times daily for 8 minutes. The 9 controls were not exposed to cigarette smoke. After injection of 0.2 mg/kg midazolam and 0.5 mg/kg pilocarpine, serum and saliva samples were taken from subjects in the exposure and control groups at 0, 15 and 30 days. Serum cotinine was measured using ELISA kit. TAC of saliva and serum was measured using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. TAC values at different time points were statistically analyzed in each group using Repeated Measures ANOVA and compared between the two groups using t-test.Results: At baseline, no significant difference existed between the two groups in terms of serum cotinine concentration but at days 15 and 30, cotinine serum concentration significantly increased in the exposure group. At baseline and 30 days, no significant difference existed between the two groups of passive smoker and non-smoker in terms of serum TAC values but at day 15, serum TAC values were significantly higher in the exposure group. Also, TAC of salivawas significantly higher in the passive smoker group at baseline and at day 15 but at day 30, the difference in this respect between the two groups was not statistically significant.Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, changes in TAC of serum and saliva in rats due to exposure to cigarette smoke were compensated by their immune system activity. However, further investigations are still required in this respect.

Introduction One of the most important changes occurs in the body of a pregnant woman is postpartum milk secretion. If the baby is not fed from this milk or the milk is not drained from the mother’ s breast in any other manner, some maternal problems will be arised. There are numerous drug and non-drug interventions to suppress lactation after childbirth and relief of its symptoms in women. This review report aimed to investigate the literature involved in this field to offer a single protocol in such cases. In the search strategy, we used the keywords of suppression of lactation, Treatments for suppression of lactation, Drugs in breastfeeding, Lactation after Perinatal, Neonatal, or Infant Loss by referring to the valid scientific databases, including Sciencedirect, Pubmed, Elsevier, Cochrane, and about 26 relevant papers were received and analyzed. Conclusion Currently, the recommended methods for the cessation of lactation in women with necessary indications are not conclusive for all involved women. Identification and applying different methods to suppress lactation in mothers who have been banned to use milk for various reasons, can significantly help them to better manage suppression of lactation. Based on the relevant systematic review study, it seems that in case of low maternal milk secretion, it is better to use non-pharmacological methods to suppress lactation because of their fewer side effects; but the most effective treatments are the use of Bromocriptine and Cabergoline. But still the most common treatment for the suppression of lactation is administration of Estrasiol.

Background and Objectve: Throat infections such as tonsilitis and pharyngitis in children can lead to absence from school, deferment from class, imposing treatment cost, and increasing the use of antibiotics. In addition to decreased mucosal salivary and mucosal immunity, smoking has harmful effects on oral microflora and may lead to tonsilitis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of parents’ cigarette smoking on incidence of tonsillectomy in children referred to Kashani Hospital in Shahrekord during the period of 2017-2018. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on children with tonsillitis who referred to ENT department of Rasool and Imam Ali Clinic Shahrekord Medical University. Eighty children aged 3 to 12 years old with tonsillitis and tonsillectomy indications were included in the study. Children age, gender and surgery type as well as information about their mother and father cigarette smoking habits were recorded. The data were analyzed by SPSS software using chisquare and logistic regression. Results: from 80 children, 42. 5% were male and 57. 5% were female. The mean age of children was 7. 30± 2. 26 y. The cases of adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy were 66. 3, 32. 5 and 1. 3%, respectively. 2. 5% of mothers of children and 45% of fathers of these children had cigarette smoking. From smokers’ father, 52. 8% had cigarette smoking in outdoors and 47. 2% had cigarette smoking indoor. There was no significant relationship between the type of surgery and status and place of cigarette smoking by mothers and fathers. Conclusion: Although there was no significant relationship between incidence of parents' cigarette smoking and tonsillectomy, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was relatively high among fathers of these children.

Dynamically stable biped robots mimicking human locomotion have received significant attention over the lastfew decades. Formerly, the existence of stable periodic gaits for straight walking of passive biped walkers waswell known and investigated as the notion of passive dynamic walking. This study is aimed to elaborate thisnotion in the case of three dimensional (3D) walking and extend it for other maneuvers, specifically curvedwalking or turning. For this purpose, the motion of a general 3D compass gait model on a ramp has been analyzedtheoretically in detail. A comprehensive dynamic modeling with respect to the vertical fixed frame is used basedon Lagrangian and augmented methods. In addition to 3D passive straight walking, the results confirm theexistence of some passive turning motions for the biped walker towards the steepest decent of the ramp. It wasshown that the value of passive turning is strictly concerned to the value of initial perturbed condition of thewalker, especially to the value of heading angle. A parameter analysis was also accompanied to examine thechange in the characteristics of such passive motions caused by the change in model parameters.